为深入了解裸果木(Gymnocarpos przewalskii)遗传基础、斑块状分布的种群遗传结构及遗传多样性与土壤因子间的相关性,对分布于西北荒漠区的12个裸果木种群遗传多样性及土壤养分及进行分析,为裸果木遗传多样性的地理变异趋势预测及种质资源的科学管理和保育提供依据.结果表明,裸果木居群遗传多样性较高,其中,Nei's基因多样性指数(He)变化范围为0.235~0.269,Shannom信息指数(I)变化范围为0.351~0.405,居群内具有丰富的遗传变异,基因分化系数(Gst)为0.279.基于遗传一致度对种群进行PCA分析,12个种群裸果木可分为4大类:甘肃肃北县种群为分布的核心区,单独为一类;以河西走廊中西部为中心分化2类,甘肃瓜州及甘肃柳园镇为河西走廊西部中心种群,与向西南和向西延伸的甘肃阿克塞县和新疆伊州区种群亲缘关系较近,聚为一类;甘肃金塔县、甘肃高台县、甘肃清泉乡、甘肃肃州区为中心的河西走廊东部分布聚为一类;向东和向东南延伸的内蒙古阿右旗、宁夏沙坡头区域和甘肃民勤县聚为一类.依据裸果木分布区土壤养分含量进行主成分聚类,将种群划分为3大类:宁夏沙坡头样地中有机质、磷、氮和水分含量较高,被单独划为一类;甘肃肃北县等种群因土壤养分含量处于中等水平,聚为一类;内蒙古阿右旗等种群因钾元素含量高,被划分为一类.将遗传特征参数与土壤养分含量进行相关性分析,土壤中氮含量及全盐含量对种群遗传多样性水平有一定影响,处于贫瘠土壤上种群机体能够更加有效地利用土壤中的限制性养分.%To study the genetic basis Gymnocarpos przewalskii, population distribution of plaque structure and correlation between genetic diversity and soil factors. In this study, the analysis of soil nutrient and population genetic diversity of 12 Gymnocarpos przewalskii population in the northwest desert area provided scientific guidance for predicting the geographical variation of genetic diversity of Gymnocarpos przewalski, and the scientific management and conservation of germplasm resources provide evidence. The results showed that the genetic diversity of Gymnocarpos przewalskii was higher, the Nei's gene diversity (Ne) varied from 0.2356 to 0.2697, and the Shannon Information Index (I) varied from 0.3509 to 0.4057. Genetic variation was abundant while the genetic differentiation coefficient (Gst) was 0.2790. PCA was used to analysis the Genetic consistency of population, and 12 populations of Gymnocarpos przewalskii can be divided into four classes. The core area of the population distribution of Subei town of Gansu can be classified as one class. To the central and western part of the Hexi Corridor as the center of differentiation grouped in to 2, Guazhou of Gansu and Liuyuan town of Gansu were the Hexi Corridor West Center population, with the southwest and westward extension of Akesai county Gansu and Yizhou district of Xinjiang population had the closer relationship were clustered as a class. The population was divided into three groups according to the principal component analysis (PCA) of soil nutrition content in the distribution area. Shapotou area of Ningxia which contained higher organic matter, phosphorus, nitrogen and water content were classified as a class. Subei country of Gansu and others which had moderate level of soil nutrient were classified as a class. A Youqi of Inner Mongolia and other populations which had high levels of potassium were classified as a class. The correlation between genetic characteristics and soil nutrient content was analyzed. The genetic diversity of the population was affected by soil nitrogen content and total salt content. The population in the barren soil could make effectively use of the restricted nutrient in the soil.
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