Recent studies have showed that by artificial biochar addition is one reliable way to reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations. Biochar has slowly decomposition rate for the special construction and can be sequestrated in soil for a long time, which is important for stabilizing soil organic carbon storage, increasing soil carbon storage capacity, retaining soil fertility, and improving soil texture. Biochar added in soil can chang soil aggregate structure, moisture permeability, nutrient absorption and microbial activity, causing a priming effect to transform soil organic carbon turnover. However, the reports about the priming effect of biochar addition are inconsistant. The effect may be positive, negative or not at all. The extent, direction and persistence of priming effect caused by interaction between biochar and soil remain uncertain. This paper reviewed the most recent literatures regarding the effects of biochar applications on soil environment including soil carbon sequestration and emission, soil physical and chemical properties, microbial activity and the structure dynamic changes of biochar itself, and analyzed the extent, direction and persistence of the priming effect of soil carbon by biochar addition.The positive priming effect on native soil organic carbon mineralization could be resulted from co-metabolic effect between labile components of biochar and microbial activities with improving soil organic carbon mineralization. The negative priming effect on native soil organic carbon mineralization may be caused by increasing stability of native soil organic carbon or inhibitory native soil microbial activity. Finally, the paper summarized the existing problem including addition dosage, the interaction among biochar, soil community and plant, risk prediction and assessment by biochar addition and the necessity of longer study, which will lay the scientific basis for long-term ecosystem C sequestration and provide choose, reference for climate change.%生物质炭因其特殊结构分解缓慢而长期固存在土壤中，在稳定有机碳库、增加碳库容量、保持土壤肥力、改变土壤质地方面具有重要作用。同时，随着生物质炭输入土壤团聚体结构、水分渗透性、养分吸附和微生物活性也发生改变，引起原位土壤有机碳周转改变的激发效应。文章综述了生物质炭输入对土壤环境、碳排放、生物质炭自身碳矿化的影响，对生物质炭-土壤互作产生的激发效应持久性、大小、方向和机制进行总结，即生物质炭输入后的正激发效应可能表现为生物质炭中可溶组分与微生物共代谢而促进生物质炭自身碳矿化；生物质炭添加引起的负激发效应可能表现为生物质炭诱发原位土壤有机碳更加稳定或生物质炭中易挥发有机物抑制原位土壤微生物活性而降低土壤碳排放。并根据目前的研究现状，就生物质炭输入量、与土壤微生物群落和植物的相互作用、生物质炭添加的风险预测和评估及开展长期研究的必要性等问题进行展望，以期为生态系统长期碳吸存研究奠定基础，为应对气候变化提供选择和参考。
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