The importance of the green space is becoming more and more prominent as one part of urban landscape and one of the fundamental components in the urban ecological system, with the increasing development of urbanization. Urban thermal environment is one of the focuses of studies on the ecological environment effects of landscape changes. Researches on quantitative characteristics and spatial matching relationship between green space and thermal environment can help to get a better understanding of the effect of regional ecological environment, and further promote the urban sustainable development. Based on Landsat8_OIL Remote Sensing Image data in 2014, the urban green space information and retrieval land surface temperature are collected to analyze the characteristics of patch size, spatial structure characteristics of thermal environment, and the matching relationship between green space and thermal environment by using landscape metrics and GIS spatial analysis technology. The results show that green space is in a pattern of a landscape fragmentation with small and mini green patches largely covering the city. The green patches occupies nearly 95% of the area of total green space. The ecological regions in the three administrative districts, Conghua, Zengcheng and Huangpu, are in good conditions while those in another two districts, Nansha and Panyu, are poor. The different landscape patch sizes have a complex effect on the surface temperature. The results of land surface temperature retrieval show the land surface temperature in the study area is mainly between 18~33℃, covering 96.22% of the study area. There are obvious high temperature and low temperature regions in the surface temperature space. The larger the green patch areas are, the lower the corresponding land surface temperature is. With the decrease of patch areas, the proportion of the area with high temperature increases, which indicates the existence of green space helps to reduce the warming effect from the sun to the earth's surface. The result of non-conformity index shows that more than 60% of the green space in the study area plays a role of reducing the warming effect; while the other green space plays little role or even none. All those indicate the importance of fragmentation of green space in Guangzhou for smart city and sustainable development plan in the future with service of green space.%城市景观和生态组分的重要性已随着城市化进程加快而日益凸显，城市热环境则是城市化过程的重要环境问题之一，探讨绿色空间与热环境的关系是可持续发展的迫切需求。基于2014年10月Landsat8_OIL遥感影像，提取城市绿色空间信息并进行地表温度反演，分析广州市绿色空间的结构、热环境空间分异和二者之间的空间分布一致性关系。研究结果表明：绿色空间的景观呈以小面积型和特小面积型斑块为主导的破碎化分布格局，接近总绿色空间面积的95%，绿色空间破碎化严重；绿色空间面积及其斑块大小结构显示，从化、增城和黄埔等3个行政区内自然生态环境状况较好，较差的是南沙和番禺两区。地表温度反演结果显示，研究区域地表温度主要在18~33℃之间，占总面积的96.22%；地表温度空间上存在明显的高温和低温区域。绿地斑块面积越大，对应的地表温度越低；绿地斑块面积越少，对应地表高温区域的面积比例则越大，表明绿色空间减缓了太阳对地表的升温作用；不一致性指数结果表明，研究区大于60%的绿色空间都起到了这种减缓作用，其余的绿地斑块的减缓升温作用较小或不起作用；中心城区范围内绿色空间与地表温度也呈现出类似的规律。研究揭示广州未来智慧城市与可持续发展规划必须足够重视绿色空间斑块规模，以发挥绿色空间的最佳服务效果。
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