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首页> 中文期刊> 《生态环境学报》 >东海近海沉积物自然粒度中镉和铅的赋存特性及潜在生态风险

东海近海沉积物自然粒度中镉和铅的赋存特性及潜在生态风险

         
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摘要

Cd and Pb were studied in sediments collected near the Changjiang Estuary and Hangzhou Bay, the East China Sea (ECS). Sequential extractions and ecological risk assessment technology were carried out to study the geochemical characteristics, chemical fractions, influencing factors and potential pollution risks of Cd and Pb in sediments. What have been done above could indicate the environmental characteristics and major influencing factors of chemical fractions, and suggest the diversity of potential ecological risk in different fractions, to support the assessment, regulation and controlling of ecological risk. Results suggested that the average Pb concentration was 1.42μg·L-1at seawater. Pb concentration displayed great difference among stations with the higher values near the Hangzhou Bay and Changjiang Estuary. The average Cd concentration was 0.085μg·L-1at seawater. Cd concentration presented small variation with the higher values at south area than north area. In sediment, the average contents of Pb and Cd were 32.29 and 0.29 mg·kg-1, respectively. Pb content had a significant positive correlation with fine clay and silt contents. The higher Pb mainly accumulated in sediments of outer sea (G2, 44.64 mg·kg-1), suggesting that atmospheric deposition was the main approach of Pb. Cd had no obvious correlation with grain sizes with higher values near the northern coast (E1, 0.83 mg·kg-1), suggesting that Cd likely was easily impacted by anthropogenic activities. Sequential extractions suggested that the labile fractions of Cd and Pb were higher than the residual fractions. In labile fraction, the fraction bound to carbonate was the main form. The enrichment factors (EF) showed that the order of average EF was Pb>Cd>2. The EF of Cd displayed great difference among stations with higher EF at station A1 (3.59) and E1 (6.11). Speciation analysis indicated that Cd was unpolluted except special stations near the Changjiang Estuary and Hangzhou Bay. Pb was moderately polluted in the southern area whereas lightly polluted in other stations. In conclusion, Pb in the ECS was heavily polluted and had higher potential ecological risk, whereas Cd was heavily polluted near the Changjiang Estuary and Hangzhou Bay, which was affected by anthropogenic activities.%根据2011年8月对长江口和杭州湾附近东海海域的调查，采用沉积物分级萃取及风险评价的方法，研究沉积物中镉和铅的地球化学特征、赋存形态、影响因素和潜在生态风险，揭示镉和铅各赋存形态的环境学特征和影响其存在形态的主要环境因子，以及不同形态特征条件下生态风险的差异，为今后进一步的生态风险评估与调控提供重要依据。结果表明，海水中不同站位间，Pb质量浓度差异较大，高值区出现在杭州湾和长江口，平均质量浓度为1.42μg·L-1；Cd质量浓度则变化不大，南部海域略高于北部，平均质量浓度为0.085μg·L-1。沉积物中Pb高质量分数区在外海泥质区G2（44.64 mg·kg-1），平均质量分数为32.29 mg·kg-1，与黏土、粉砂等细粒度呈显著正相关；Cd的高质量分数区在北部近岸镇海甬江河口附近E1（0.83 mg·kg-1），平均质量分数为0.29 mg·kg-1，与粒度无明显的相关性。说明以大气沉降为重要来源的Pb易在细粒度的泥质区富集，Cd较易受人为输入的影响。形态分析表明，Cd和Pb的活性形态明显大于残渣态，且优势形态都是碳酸盐结合态。风险评价表明，富集因子的平均值 EFPb>EFCd>2，Cd 在各站位的富集因子差异较大，在长江口近岸 A1（EF=3.59）和杭州湾近岸E1（EF=6.11）出现极大值。从形态角度评价，Cd在长江口和杭州湾的个别近岸站位有重污染，外海无污染；Pb在南部外海属中度污染，其他基本上属轻度污染。综合评价得出，Pb 以大气沉降为主要输入途径，平均污染较为严重，整体上Pb污染的潜在风险程度较高；而个别近岸站位达到重度污染的Cd，受人为污染的影响较大。

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  • 来源
    《生态环境学报》 |2015年第4期|650-657|共8页
  • 作者

    徐亚岩; 柏育材; 王云龙; 尹艳娥; 蒋玫; 袁骐; 徐兆礼;

  • 作者单位

    中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所//农业部海洋与河口渔业重点开放实验室;

    上海 200090;

    上海船舶运输科学研究所环境工程分所;

    上海 200135;

    中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所//农业部海洋与河口渔业重点开放实验室;

    上海 200090;

    中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所//农业部海洋与河口渔业重点开放实验室;

    上海 200090;

    中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所//农业部海洋与河口渔业重点开放实验室;

    上海 200090;

    中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所//农业部海洋与河口渔业重点开放实验室;

    上海 200090;

    中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所//农业部海洋与河口渔业重点开放实验室;

    上海 200090;

  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 chi
  • 中图分类 环境地球化学;
  • 关键词

    镉; 铅; 形态; 生态风险; 东海;

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