为了揭示铅对茴香(Foeniculum vulgare L.)生长和次生代谢产物-精油组分的影响及茴香植株对铅的吸收累积特性，本试验采用水培方法，在霍格兰营养液中加入铅，设计0（对照）、1 mg·L-1、5 mg·L-1、10 mg·L-1处理，研究了不同铅质量浓度对茴香植株生长、精油组分及茴香植株对铅吸收累积的影响。结果表明：不同铅质量浓度处理对茴香植株的形态、生物量、色素质量分数、碳和氮质量分数、铅的吸收累积及精油组分均有影响。随着铅质量浓度的增加，茴香植株的株高呈降低趋势，且各处理之间差异显著，真叶数大致也呈降低趋势，但仅10 mg·L-1处理显著低于对照，各处理的最大叶长差异均不显著，最大叶宽仅对照与5 mg·L-1处理之间差异显著。随着铅质量浓度的增加，地上部鲜质量和干质量均呈逐渐降低趋势，且铅处理后的地上部鲜质量和干质量均显著低于对照，地下部鲜质量和干质量呈逐渐升高趋势，但铅处理后的地下部鲜质量和干质量与对照差异均不显著，根冠比呈逐渐增加趋势，但仅10 mg·L-1处理显著高于对照。随着铅质量浓度的增加，叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素a+b和类胡萝卜素质量分数均呈降低趋势，且均低于对照，叶绿素a/叶绿素b以5 mg·L-1处理最高，但仅显著高于1 mg·L-1处理。铅处理后，可溶性蛋白质质量分数均高于对照，但仅1 mg·L-1处理和5 mg·L-1处理显著高于对照，全氮质量分数与可溶性蛋白质质量分数的变化趋势基本一致，但各处理之间差异均不显著；随铅质量浓度的增加，可溶性糖质量分数呈降低趋势，除1 mg·L-1处理显著高于对照外，其余铅处理均显著低于对照，各处理的全碳质量分数与对照差异均不显著。随铅质量浓度的增加，茴香植株对铅的吸收累积显著增加。不同铅质量浓度处理下的反式-茴香脑含量和含氧化合物均显著低于对照，以5 mg·L-1铅处理最低，而柠檬烯含量和单萜类化合物均显著高于对照，以5 mg·L-1铅处理最高；随铅质量浓度的增加，倍半萜类化合物含量呈降低趋势，且均低于对照。因此，铅能抑制茴香植株的生长；随铅质量浓度的增加，茴香植株对铅的吸收累积显著增加；铅处理能影响茴香精油组分，显著降低反式-茴香脑和含氧化合物含量，而显著提高柠檬烯和单萜类化合物含量。%The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of Pb on fennel plant growth, essential oil components, and Pb accumulation characteristics of fennel plant. In the present study, using the method of solution culture, the effects of different concentrations of Pb on fennel plant growth, essential oil components were studied after treatment with 0 (control), 1 mg·L-1, 5 mg·L-1 or 10 mg·L-1 Pb in Hoagland’s formula. The results showed that different concentrations of Pb affected the morphology of fennel plant, biomass, pigment concentrations, carbon and nitrogen contents, Pb accumulation and essential oil components. With the increase of Pb concentration, the height of fennel plant had a decreased trend, and it was significantly different among the treatments. Compared to the control, leaf number also showed a significantly decreased trend, while it only showed this effect in 10 mg·L-1 treatment, maximum leaf length showed no significance among treatments, and maximum leaf width had significantly different between the control and 5 mg·L-1 treatment. With the increase of Pb concentration, fresh weight (F.W) and dry weight (D.W) aboveground decreased increasingly, and it was obviously lower in all Pb treatments than the control, while F.W and D.W belowground increased gradually, but showed no difference among the treatments. Root/shoot ratio had a trend of increase, but it only had significance between 10 mg·L-1 treatment and the control. Content of chlorophyll a (Chl.a), chlorophyll b (Chl.b), chlorophyll a+b (Chl.a+b) and carotenoid had the gradual downward trend with the increase of Pb concentrations, and it was lower in all Pb treatments than the control, Chl.a/Chl.b content was the highest in 5 mg·L-1 treatment, while it was only significantly higher than that in 1 mg·L-1 treatment. Contents of soluble protein in Pb treatments were higher than that in the control, while they were significantly higher only in 5 mg·L-1 treatment and 10 mg·L-1 treatment than that in the control. Contents of total nitrogen had the same trend as soluble protein, while there were no significantly different among the treatments. With the increase of Pb concentrations, the content of soluble sugar decreased, and it was lower Pb treatments except 1mg·L-1 treatment than the control, while the content of total carbon had no significance between Pb treatments and the control. With the increase of Pb concentrations, Pb accumulation in plant of fennel increased significantly. Contents of (E)-anethole and Oxygenated compounds in different Pb concentrations were significantly lower than that in the control, and the minimum effect was found in 5 mg·L-1 treatment. while contents of Limonene and Monoterpenes were higher significantly than that in the control, and the maximum effect was found in 5 mg·L-1. Contents of sesquiterpenes decreased with the increase of Pb concentration, and they were all lower than that in the control. It indicated that different Pb concentrations could inhibit fennel plant growth, affect essential oil components, reduce (E)-anethole contents and Oxygenated compounds while improve Limonene and Monoterpenes contents significantly. Furthermore, with the increase of Pb concentrations, content of Pb in plant of fennel increased significantly.
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