Greenhouse gas emissions caused by human activity has had a huge impact on ecology. If the climate change issue cannot be resolved effectively, there will be more than 100 million people will lost their lives by 2030 and global economic growth will be cut by 3.2%. Effective control and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions is urgent problems of humanity. Currently, China's total greenhouse gas emission is already beyond the United States as the world's biggest emitter of greenhouse gases. China’s coal-fired power generation is one of China's major CO2 emission sources, thus reducing greenhouse gas emissions is important in conveying coal-fired carbon emissions to reduce China's total carbon emissions. And the prerequisite to achieve coal-fired power plant carbon emissions reduction is to calculate the carbon emissions from coal-fired power plant carbon emissions trading accurately and feasibility of low carbon power plants economically. In this study, first, the carbon emissions calculation scope is defined according to the World Resources Institute calculation tools, second, discussion on why should power plants adopt different methods of calculation according to their industrial analysis’s refinement degree of the coal. And finally, carbon emission calculation and comparative analysis are conducted for two groups of different unit types of thermal power plants in China. Based on the above analysis, it shows that compared to small capacity generators, the large capacity and high parameters coal-fired generators not only can improve the efficiency of energy use, but also can reduce CO2 emissions resulting from the production of electricity. Second, in a coal-fired power plant, stationary combustion of coal accounts for an absolute proportion of CO2 emissions, while desulfurization and purchased electricity account for smaller proportion, but the absolute amount of emissions is not that small. Again, when compared to smaller capacity generators, the large capacity and high parameter units consumed less coal in power production, and its CO2 emission concentration is relatively high, thus it is more suitable for the carbon capture system installation, which aids in increasing the efficiency of capturing and in reducing cost of CO2 capturing. Therefore, this study recommends that future carbon capture systems construction should prioritize large-capacity and high parameter unit. This study’s innovation is that it considers a coal-fired power plant’s coal quality, power plant’s desulfurization and power purchasing factors, in accordance to power plants using different calculation methods in industrial analysis of coal, aiming for more precise calculation of a coal-fired power plant’s carbon emission.%人类活动造成的温室气体排放已经对自然生态造成了巨大的影响。如果无法有效解决气候变化问题，到2030年将有超过1亿人因此而失去生命，且全球经济增长将削减3.2%。有效地控制和减少温室气体的排放是人类急需解决的问题。目前中国温室气体排放总量已经超越美国成为全球第一大温室气体排放国，中国的能源结构决定了中国燃煤发电是中国CO2主要排放源之一，因此实现燃煤发电碳减排对降低中国碳排放总量，减少温室气体排放具有重要意义。准确地计算燃煤电厂产生的碳排放量是进行碳排放权交易、低碳火电厂在经济上具有可行性，最终实现燃煤电厂碳减排的前提条件之一。本研究根据世界资源研究所提供的计算工具首先界定了本研究对于碳排放计算的范围，其次阐述了不同电厂应针对其使用的燃煤进行工业分析的精细化程度不同而采用不同的计算方法，最后对两组不同机组类型的中国火电厂进行了碳排放量计算和对比分析。根据以上分析得出了大容量、高参数的燃煤发电机组相比小容量发电机组不仅能提高能源利用效率，同时也能相对减少因生产电能而产生的CO2排放。其次，燃煤电厂CO2排放中煤炭固定燃烧占有绝对比例，脱硫及外购电力所占比例较小，但排放的绝对总量并不小。再次，由于大容量、高参数机组与小容量发电机组相比在生产单位电能所消耗的燃煤量更少、其排放的废弃中的CO2浓度相对较高，应此更适合安装碳捕捉系统，有助于提高捕捉效率，降低捕捉CO2的成本。因此，建议在未来建设碳捕捉系统时应优先选择大容量、高参数机组。本研究的创新点在于在上述研究的基础上考虑单个燃煤电厂的煤质、考虑电厂脱硫、外购电力的因素，根据电厂对煤质不同程度的工业分析采用不同的计算方法，目的在于更精确地计算单个燃煤电厂的碳排放量。
展开▼
