土地利用/覆被变化的环境效应是全球变化研究的热点问题之一。快速城市化进程中,城市土地利用方式和结构的变化会对城市环境造成一定程度的影响。城市土地利用通过改变物质能量的流动而使城市地表水环境发生改变。为了进一步揭示城市土地利用与地表水污染之间的关系,以郑州市为研究区,采用影像解译数据和水质监测数据,利用ArcGIS空间分析法、内梅罗综合污染指数法和典型相关分析法,揭示了郑州市快速城市化过程中土地利用方式和结构的变化特征、城市地表水的污染状况,重点分析了不同土地利用类型的面积变化对地表水主要污染物浓度的影响。研究结果表明,1998—2008年郑州市城市扩张迅速,城市建设用地和工矿仓储用地分别增加124%和158%,城郊耕地被大量占用,城市土地利用结构发生显著变化；10多年间地表水污染一直非常严重,河流和湖库中各类污染物浓度严重超标,代表性污染物为石油类、氨氮、挥发酚等；工矿仓储用地与挥发酚和石油类污染物、城市建设用地与氟化物、交通用地与石油类污染物均具有显著的正相关关系；而园林绿地与重金属类污染物、水域与生化需氧量都存在显著的负相关关系；郑州市城市建设用地、工矿用地和交通用地面积的迅速增加是造成地表水污染严重的原因之一；增加园林绿地等生态用地的面积,以及优化调整土地利用结构和布局都有利于城市地表水环境的保护。%Environmental effects of land use and cover change is one of the hot issues of global change research. Changes of urban land use patterns and structures would cause a certain impacts on urban environment in rapid urbanization process. Land use can influence water environment by changing the flow of material and energy. In this study, we chose Zhengzhou city as the study area to further reveal the relationship between urban land use and surface water pollution. Based on image interpretation data and surface water quality data, Spatial Analysis Module in ArcGIS Software, Nemerow Comprehensive Pollution Index (NCPI) and Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA), this study analyzed the changing characteristics of land use patterns and structure of Zhengzhou city in its rapid urbanization process, the situation of city's surface water pollution, and emphasized the impacts of area changes of different land use types on the concentrations of major pollutants in surface water. The results indicated that the urban areas of Zhengzhou city had expanded quickly in the period of 1998—2008. The area of built-up and industrial storage land increased by 124%and 158%, respectively, which lead to the vast occupation of farmland and significant change of land use structure. The surface water has been seriously polluted in the past decade. The concentration of various pollutants, including petroleum, ammonia nitrogen, volatile phenol, etc., in rivers and reservoirs were seriously overweighed. There were significant positive correlations between industrial storage land and volatile phenol and petroleum pollutants;built-up land and fluoride;transportation land and petroleum. However, significant negative correlations were found between garden land and heavy metal pollutants; waters and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). The rapid expanding of urban built-up land, industrial storage land, and transportation land was one of the reasons resulting in serious surface water pollution. It would be beneficial to the city's surface water protection that the area of ecological land, such as green garden, had increased and the structure and pattern of urban land use had been optimized and adjusted.
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