Economic growth shows a process of structural transformation, and affects the urban-rural inequality through structural transformation. This paper takes comprehensive analysis on the mechanism of action that industrial structure, urban and rural structure transformation, and the growth to the urban-rural inequality, and based on the relevant statistical data from 1978 to 2011 for empirical testing. The research shows that China's economic growth and urban-rural income disparity exists Kuznets inverted U-shaped curve, but the curve less pronounced downward trend. The economic growth in structural transformation can narrow the urban-rural income disparity. Transformation of industrial structure helps to narrow the urban-rural income disparity; Urbanization has stage characteristics impact on the urban-rural income disparity, and it shows enlarged then shrink characteristics along with the improvement of urbanization level.%经济增长体现为一个结构转变的过程，并通过结构转变影响城乡收入差距。综合分析产业结构、城乡结构转变，以及经济增长对城乡收入差距的作用机理，并基于1978-2011年的相关统计数据进行实证检验。结果显示：中国的经济增长与城乡收入差距存在库兹涅茨倒哉型关系；城乡二元经济结构的转变有助于缩小城乡收入差距；城市化对城乡收入差距的影响则出现阶段性特征，城乡收入差距随城市化水平的提高呈现出先扩大后缩小的特征。应注重经济增长、转变经济发展方式、以科学发展观推进城市化发展。
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