Generally, it is believed that the higher the parents'educational level, the higher their children's educational level, but the reality is not always like this. Why the intergenerational transmission of human capital presents different characteristics? Based on the empirical study of Chinese General Social Survey data, this paper shows the result that: 1) the traditional pattern of family labor division,"man goes out to work while woman looks after the house", and the matrimony education characteristic that the male generally with higher education level than the female have decided that the mother takes more responsibility for educating children and housekeeping, and the results of measurement regression have further validated the great influence of mother's academic qualification on the children's; 2) as the mother's educational level improves, the proportion of mothers'entering the labor market has increased sharply, and the marginal contribution of mothers'educational level to their children's schooling has been reduced; 3) compared with other families, parents'having equal academic qualifications benefits to the intergenerational transmission of human capital, and those parents have more obviously intergenerational influence on their children's education. Based on the above findings, this paper explains the phenomenon of children with low academic qualifications in higher educational families.%通常认为,父母学历越高,子女受教育水平越高,但现实考察并非总是如此.为何人力资本代际传递呈现迥异特征?本文基于中国综合社会调查数据实证研究发现:(1)中国传统的家庭分工模式"男主外、女主内"以及婚配学历的男高女低特征决定了母亲更多地承担了教育子女和操持家务的职责,计量回归结果也进一步验证了母亲学历对子女教育的较大影响;(2)随着母亲学历水平提升,母亲进入劳动力市场的比例大幅上升,母亲学历对于子女教育的边际贡献降低;(3)相对于其他家庭,父母学历的"门当户对"有助于人力资本代际传递,其父母对子女教育的代际影响更为明显.基于上述发现,论文最后对高学历家庭出现低学历子女现象进行了解释.
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