本文以“北京市清洁空气行动计划”设置的四个空气质量区域为研究对象,分析了北区(怀柔、密云、延庆)、中区(昌平、顺义、平谷)、核心区(东城、西城、朝阳、海淀、石景山、丰台)、南区(门头沟、房山、通州、大兴)4个区域空气质量、首要污染物及细颗粒物(PM25)的变化情况,结果表明北京市从北至南,空气质量明显变差.以PM2.5为特征污染物,进一步分析PM2.5浓度与区域人口密度、机动车保有量、地区生产总值、能源消费总量的关联性,发现前三者会导致PM2.5浓度增加,而能源消费总量是影响PM2.5浓度变化的主要因素.区域产业结构直接影响能源消费总量,调整优化产业结构,发展高附加值、低能耗型综合商业和高新技术产业,是降低南区能耗水平并改善空气质量的重要措施.%Based on the research subjects of the four air quality zones established by Beijing Action Plan for Clean Air 2013-2017,this paper has analyzed the air quality of the four zones,namely,North Zone (Huairou,Miyun,Yanqing),Central Zone (Changping,Shunyi,Pinggu),Core Zone (Dongcheng,Xicheng,Chaoyang,Haidian,Shijingshan,Fengtai),and South Zone (Mentougou,Fangshan,Tongzhou,Daxing),and the changes in the primary pollutants and fine particles (PM2.5).From north to south,air quality declines dramatically.With PM2.5 as the main characteristic pollutant,this paper has further analyzed the relevance between the PM2.5 concentration,regional population density,ownership of motor vehicles,regional GDP,and energy consumption of the four zones.Through further analysis,this paper has found that population density,ownership of motor vehicles,and GDP,to a certain degree,lead to an increase in PM2.5 concentration.But energy consumption is the main factor affecting the PM2.5 concentration and is positively related to the PM2.5 concentration closely.At the same time,industrial structure is a main factor affecting energy consumption.Energetically adjusting and optimizing industrial structure and developing businesses with high added value and high-tech industries are the important measures for reducing energy consumption and improving air quality of South Zone.
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