为了控制黑岱沟露天矿煤层爆破中1.8 m 以上大块的产出率和10 mm 粒度以下煤的产率,提高优质煤的块煤率和产量,在分析煤岩爆破破碎机理及减少爆破药柱粉碎区途径的过程中,对爆破参数进行了优化,提出了将低密度铵油炸药应用于黑岱沟露天煤矿煤层爆破的方案.同时,对低密度铵油炸药和铵油炸药不同孔网参数、装药结构、填塞长度进行煤层爆破对比实验,分析了二者对块煤率、采掘效率及安全性的影响.结果表明:低密度铵油炸药能够实现炮孔内连续装药,其线装药密度低,有利于降低炸药单耗,爆炸能量传递更均匀,能有效减少末煤量,块煤率较铵油炸药提高了13.78%.确定了露天煤矿厚煤层爆破炸药单耗的最佳范围是0.176~0.23 kg/m3,可为露天煤矿煤层爆破设计提供依据.%In order to control the output of large blocks of more than 1.8 m in coal seam blasting,the yield of coal below 10 mm in Heidaigou open pit coal mine,improve the quality of coal lump coal rate and output,by analyzing the mechanism of coal rock burst breaking and ways to reduce to crush the area of the blasting,blasting parameters are optimized and a scheme was proposed to apply low density ammonium oil explosives to coal seam blasting in Heidaigou open pit coal mine. At the same time,by the comparison test of low-density explosives and ammonium oil explosives of different hole network parameters,charge structure and filling height,the impact of mining efficiency,lump coal rate and safety are analyzed.The results show that low-density explosives can realize continuous charging in the blasthole,the low density of line charge is good for reducing unit explosive consumption,explosion energy transfer more evenly and it can effectively reduce the amount of foam coal and lump coal rate increases by 13.78% higher than ammonium oil explosives.The optimal range of the unit explosive consumption is 0.176~0.23 kg/m3in open pit coal thick seam and it provides the basis for coal seam blasting design in open pit coal mine.
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