为比较不同秸秆类(芦苇秸秆、稻秸秆、麦秸秆)纤维对其制备复合材料性能的影响，以芦苇秸秆、稻秸秆、麦秸秆为填充材料，以聚氯乙烯(PVC)为基体材料，采用挤出成型工艺制备3种PVC／秸秆类纤维复合材料。对3种秸秆纤维进行了成分分析，对它们制备的复合材料进行了力学性能和吸水性能测试，并对3种复合材料进行了FTIR分析，用SEM观察了复合材料拉伸断面微观结构。结果表明，3种秸秆类纤维中，芦苇秸秆的纤维素、半纤维素和木质素含量最高，其制备的PVC复合材料结合界面和力学性能最佳，PVC／芦苇秸秆纤维复合材料拉伸、弯曲和冲击强度分别为36.79 MPa，67.19 MPa和7.01 kJ／m2，比PVC／麦秸秆纤维复合材料分别提高了104.62%，89.7%，99.72%。3种PVC／秸秆类纤维复合材料中PVC／芦苇秸秆纤维复合材料24 h吸水率最低，比PVC／麦秸秆纤维复合材料降低67.36%。%In order to comparing the effects of different straw fibers on the properties of their polyvinyl chloride (PVC) composites,three types of straw fibers (i.e.,reed straw,wheat straw,and rice straw) were separately added into PVC as filling material to form three typesof PVC composites through the extrusion molding process. The components of the plant fibers were analyzed and the mechanical property and water absorbency capability of the composites were tested. The FTIR spectra analysis was conducted on the composites. The section microstructures of the composites were observed using a scanning electron microscope. It is found that of the three types of straw fibers,the reed straw is richest in cellulose,hemicellulose and lignin,and its composite has the best binding interface and mechanical properties with tensile strength,flexural strength and impact strength at 36.79 MPa, 67.19 MPa and 7.01 kJ/m2,which is 104.62%,89.7% and 99.72% higher than that of the wheat straw composite respectively. The PVC/reed straw composite has the lowest 24 h water absorption rate among them,which is 67.36% lower than that of the wheat straw composite.
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