The heat conduction mechanism of intrinsic thermal conductive plastics and filled thermal conductive plastics was reviewed. Besides,several preparation methods of filled thermal conductive plastics were introduced,including twin-screw extruder, injection molding machine and compression machine. The factors affecting the thermal conductivity of filled thermal conductive plastics were summarized,such as the content of fillers、the shape and size of fillers、surface treatment of fillers and particle size of the substrate material,etc. New conductive filler or the processing technology should be researched and developed to improve the thermal conductivity of the composites not affecting their mechanical properties under simple method for meeting the application requirements of conductive plastics in different areas was pointed out.%综述了结构型导热塑料和填充型导热塑料的导热机理，介绍了填充型导热复合材料的几种成型设备，包括双螺杆挤出、注塑机和模压机，并详细介绍了影响填充型导热塑料导热性能的几个因素，包括填料的填充量、形状尺寸、表面处理以及基体材料的粒径尺寸等。指出需要研究开发新型导热填料或改善加工工艺，在不影响材料力学性能且制备方法简单的情况下提高复合材料的导热系数，从而满足导热塑料在不同领域的应用要求。
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