The future human experience in 2050 might be broadly summed up in three words:crowded,urban,hot.At the century’s midpoint,the global population will be pushing an unprecedented ten billion,mostly living in cities,and climate change-if left unchecked-will be unescapably present[1,2].How will we sustain ten billion people in such a world,and what role will engineers play?These were the questions explored on day two of the Global Grand Challenges Summit(GGCS)2019,hosted by the Royal Academy of Engineering(RAE),which ran from 16 to 18 September in London[3,4].
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