Petroleum is becoming a central issue of every country because of its special non - renewability and importance to economic development. To ensure the energy security and reduce losses in oil price volatilities, China began to build its own oil reserve system. The supply and demand of petroleum in different regions vary due to China' s complex geographical environment and economic development pattern. The producing area of petroleum is often inconsistent with the consumer market. This research analyzes trends of various factors, such as oil supply and demand, refining capacity and pipeline (port) construction, and regional differences, presents the principle of overall layout of oil reserves, by taking full account of oil import mode, crude oil processing facilities, pipeline construction, transportation and consumer, and carries out centralized or decentralized reserve schemes in accordance with the number and size of the oil reserves, finally achieving the goals of prevention of oil supply disruptions and shortages and stabilizing domestic oil prices.%石油因为其特殊的不可再生性和对经济发展的重要性而日益成为世界各国关注的焦点。为保证我国能源安全，减少在油价波动中的损失，我国开始着手建设石油储备体系。受我国复杂的地理环境和经济发展布局的影响，各地区成品油供需差异较大，成品油生产地与消费市场往往不一致。本文分析了影响我国石油储备的石油供需、炼化能力、管道（港口）建设等各个因素的变化趋势和区域总体差异，认为石油储备整体布局规划应依据“重点保障、区域均衡、就近供应、动态演变”的原则确定，充分考虑进口方式、原油加工设施、输油管道建设情况、交通状况和消费者等因素，并提出应依据区域差异确定储备油的种类和规模，并按照储备基地数量多少和基地储备规模，实行集中型和分散型两种储备方案，实现预防石油供应中断短缺和平抑国内油价的市场职能。
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