基于联合国环境规划署(UNEP)2017年发布的汞排放清单工具包,提出了我国生活垃圾焚烧过程汞排放清单的计算方法.我国生活垃圾平均汞含量为0.743 mg/kg,2016年生活垃圾焚烧汞输入量为59.78 t,2010—2016年生活垃圾焚烧过程的汞输入量增长了3.66倍.采用"DS/SDS+ACI+FF"污控设施的生活垃圾焚烧过程中烟气、渗滤液、飞灰和炉渣的汞分布比例分别为62.64％、0.00％、35.88％、1.48％;采用"SNCR+SDS+ACI+FF"污控设施的生活垃圾焚烧过程中烟气、渗滤液、飞灰和炉渣的汞分布比例分别为21.38％、0.02％、78.22％、0.37％,脱硝设施的安装有利于生活垃圾焚烧厂对烟气汞的协同脱除.从2016年开始,大量汞随着飞灰进入固体废物中,生活垃圾焚烧过程汞的输出途径按输出量排序为焚烧飞灰>大气>焚烧炉渣.因此,生活垃圾焚烧飞灰的二次污染防治也应成为今后汞污染防治的关键环节.%Based on the mercury emission inventory toolkit released by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) in 2013, the calculation method for the mercury emission inventory of municipal solid waste incineration in China was proposed. The average mercury content of municipal solid waste is 0.743 mg/kg in China, and the mercury input of municipal solid waste incineration was 59.78 tons in 2016. During 2010—2016, the mercury input of municipal solid waste incineration increased by 3.66 times. The mercury distribution ratio of flue gas, leachate, fly ash, and slag during the municipal solid waste incineration using the "DS/SDS + ACI + FF"pollution control facility was 62.64％, 0.00％, 35.88％, and 1.48％, respectively. The mercury distribution ratio of flue gas, leachate, fly ash, and slag during the municipal solid waste incineration using the "SNCR + SDS + ACI + FF " pollution control facility was 21.38％, 0.02％, 78.22％, and 0.37％, respectively. And the installation of denitration facilities was good for synergistic mercury removal of flue gas from municipal solid waste incineration plants. From 2016, a large amount of mercury entered the solid wastes along with fly ash, and the output pathways of mercury in the municipal solid waste incineration process was ranked as follow according by output:incineration fly ash>air>incineration slag. Therefore, secondary pollution prevention and control of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash will also be important in the prevention and control of mercury pollution in the future.
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