In this paper, on the basis of the data of air pollution index of the major cities of the Yangtze River Delta from 2004 to 2012, the ambient air quality of the Yangtze River Delta in the recent years, the main pollutants, the inter-annual variability of air pollution, seasonal change and spatial distribution were studied. The results showed that according to the Ambient Air Quality Standards (GB3095-1996), the air quality of the Yangtze River Delta was improved gradually from 2004 to 2012. The main pollutant was PM and air pollution was more serious in spring and winter. However, the air quality of the Yangtze River Delta was10 confronted with more challenges to meet the limits required in the Ambient Air Quality Standards (GB3095-2012). From the view of spatial distribution, the air pollution in Nanjing City was more serious with the status of air environment not optimistic.%文章以长三角10个主要城市2004~2012年空气污染指数数据为依据，研究了长三角地区近几年的空气环境质量、主要污染物、空气污染的年际变化、季节变化和空间分布特征。结果表明，以《环境空气质量标准》（GB3095—1996）为依据，长三角地区空气环境质量在2004年~2012年间逐步好转，主要污染物为可吸入颗粒物，春季和冬季污染较为严重。但是以《环境空气质量标准》（GB3095—2012）为依据，由于标准变严，使得长三角区域的空气质量面临这更多的挑战。从空间分布上看，南京为长三角地区空气污染较为严重的城市，其空气环境状况不容乐观。
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