Objective To analyze the mathematic model and transfer relationship of the signal flow cycle process in the vibration test. Methods According to the action of the signal in the transmission process, the test device was divided into five kinds of key equipment and the transfer models of the signal in various stages including signal conversion, detection and control were summarized and analyzed, and finally the influence of two kinds of open-loop fault using the controller as the circuit node was presented. Results According to the analysis of the signal flow cycle process, the signal transfer relationship in each stage during the closed-loop feedback control process, and the influence of the key device performance on the signal transmission of the vibration test was comprehensively analyzed, in order to help the engineer carry out the vibration test more conveniently. Conclusion The normal operation of the signal flow is the basis for smooth conduction of the vibration test, so it is necessary to deepen the knowledge on the relationship of the signal transmission and the influencing factors during the process of the vibration test.%目的：总结分析振动试验信号循环全过程的数学模型及传递关系。方法根据信号传递过程中的作用，将振动设备划分为五类关键设备，并且将信号流在信号转换、信号可测及运动可控等方面的传递关系进行分析汇总，最后给出以控制仪为回路节点的两类开环故障的影响分析。结果通过对信号流循环过程的分析研究，总结了闭环反馈控制过程各环节中的信号传递关系，分析了各关键设备性能对振动试验信号传递的影响，以便于试验人员更好地开展振动试验。结论信号流循环的正常运转是振动试验顺利开展的基础，深入了解信号传递关系和影响因素，可以高质量地开展振动试验。
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