OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the clinical preventive efficacy of dexamethasone plus ondansetron against postoperative nausea and vomiting ( PONV) following general anesthesia using sevoflurane.METHODS:A total of 240 gynecological patients undergoing laparoscopy plus general anesthesia were randomly divided into four groups of 60 each with random number table method, i.e., Group A ( control group) received no antiemetics; Group B received dexamethasone;Group C received ondansetron, and Group D received dexamethasone plus ondansetron.PONV on the first postoperative day ( within 24 hours) was recorded and compared among the four groups.RESULTS:The grading of PONV ( Hc=33.590 , P0.05);the incidences of PONV in Group B and C were higher than in Group D ( P <0.012 5 ) , which was thought be the joint action of dexamethasone and ondansetron against PONV after general anesthesia with sevoflurane. CONCLUSIONS: Either dexamethasone or ondansetron showed satisfactory preventive efficacy against PONV; dexamethasone and ondansetron had better preventive efficacy against PONV if used in combination as compared with used alone.%目的：观察地塞米松联合昂丹司琼预防七氟醚全麻术后恶心、呕吐的临床疗效。方法：将240例择期拟行全麻腹腔镜术的妇科患者按随机数字表法分为4组，每组60例，分别为对照组（A组，不用止吐药）、地塞米松组（B组）、昂丹司琼组（C组）和地塞米松＋昂丹司琼组（D组），观察并比较4组患者在术后24 h内出现恶心、呕吐的情况。结果：4组患者的术后恶心、呕吐分级不全相同（Hc＝33.590，P＜0.05），B、C、D组患者术后恶心、呕吐的发生率均低于A组（P＜0.0083），B组与C组的差异无统计学意义（χ2＝0.082，P＞0.05），B、C组也均高于D组（P＜0.0125）。结论：地塞米松和昂丹司琼均能较好预防术后恶心、呕吐，2药联合应用具有协同作用，比单一应用的效果更佳。
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