Astaxanthin is a carotenoid and has numerous physiological functions and higher economic value. But the content of astaxanthin is less in nature and no more than 5%in Haematococcus pluvialis which is the best biogenetic source of astaxanthin. And because of the thicker cell wall , astaxanthin can not be extracted sufficiently which cause waste of part of astaxanthin. So how to fully extract astaxanthin has become a hot research topic. In this paper, physiological functions and extract methods of astaxanthin, cell disruption technologies of Haematococcus pluvialis will be discussed.%虾青素是一种具有众多生理功能的类胡萝卜素，经济价值极高，但是在自然界中含量较少，其最佳生物来源-雨生红球藻中含量也不超过5%，且该藻的细胞壁较厚，虾青素提取不充分，造成部分虾青素浪费。因此，如何充分提取雨生红球藻中的虾青素已成为研究热点。就虾青素的生理功能、提取方法、雨生红球藻的破壁方法展开论述。
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