O-Carboxymethyl chitosan (OCC) is an important derivative of chitosan and possesses good water solubility, gelling capacity and biocompatibility. In this paper, OCC was prepared in the chloroacetic acid method and the effects of the dosages of chloroacetic acid and potassium hydroxide (KOH), temperature and time on the degrees of substitution of OCC were studied and the substitution reaction location was analyzed with infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results showed that the optimum conditions for OCC preparation were:chitosan/chloroacetic acid/KOH ratio 2 ∶ 2.5 ∶ 2.7, temperature 50 ℃ and reaction duration 4 h. Under these conditions, the degrees of substitution of OCC reached 0.78. FTIR analysis confirmed that the substitution reaction occurred in the O atom.%O-羧甲基壳聚糖（OCC）是壳聚糖的一种重要的衍生物，具有良好的水溶性、胶凝性和生物相容性。采用氯乙酸法制备OCC，研究了氯乙酸和氢氧化钾（KOH）的用量以及反应温度、反应时间对OCC取代度的影响，并采用红外光谱分析了羧甲基的取代位置。结果表明，当壳聚糖：氯乙酸：KOH的质量比为2∶2.5∶2.7时，在50℃下分批加入氯乙酸，搅拌反应4 h，得到的OCC的取代度较高为0.78，而且红外光谱分析表明所制备的羧甲基壳聚糖即为O-羧甲基壳聚糖。
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