采用化学反应鉴别方法和经口灌胃实验对广东梅县一野生红菇“棺材菌”分别进行化学成分检测和急性毒性研究。结果表明该野生菇中含有氨基酸、多肽、蛋白质、有机酸、多糖、皂苷、生物碱、黄酮及其苷类、酚类、植物甾醇、三萜、挥发油等多种化学成分。受试样品组小鼠毛色，皮肤，黏膜，眼睛，呼吸，循环，自主活动及中枢神经系统、行为表现等均与对照组小鼠无明显差别，整个试验期内无小鼠死亡，红菇样品对小鼠的LD50>15.00 g/kg体重，属无毒级别。对所有试验小鼠进行大体解剖，组织器官未见有颜色、体积、质地等改变，表明该野生红菇样品的毒性很小。%The chemical components and acute toxicological evaluation was studied on wild Russula sp. that was collected from Meixian county,Guangdong province. It was found that the wild mushroom contained amino acids, polypeptide,proteins,organic acids,polysaccharides,glycoside,alkaloids,flavonoids,phenolic compounds,plant sterols,three terpene composition,volatile oil and some other effective components. The result showed that compared with rats control group,there were no abnormal reactions during the observation period on skin, mucosa,coat color,eyes,breath,circulation,locomotor activity,central nervous system,behavior etc. in rats sample group,without rats'death,and the maximum tolerance was 15.00 g/kg by gastric perfusion. There were no change in the tissues and organs on volume,color and texture,which showed the mushroom was low toxic.
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