This study was conducted to explore the effects of dietary fatty acid composition and DHA on blood lipid metabolism in rats. Wistar rats were randomly assigned to 7 groups:normal control group (NC), fatty acid composition 1 (FA1)+DHA1 group (F1D1), FA1+DHA2 group (F1D2), FA1+DHA3 group (F1D3), fatty acid composition 2 (FA2)+DHA1 group (F2D1), FA2+DHA2 group (F2D2), FA2+DHA3 group (F2D3). Fatty acids were given to experimental animals by intragastric administration for 5 months. At the end of 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th month, blood samples were collected to detect the changes of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Compared with NC group, plasma levels of TC, TG and LDL in F2D1, F2D2 and F2D3 groups were decreased significantly, particularly F2D2 group. And the changes of plasma contents of HDL in F1D2 group and F2D2 group were increased statistically at the end of 3rd , 4th, and 5th month in contrast with that of NC group. The results suggested that modulated with FA2 could down-regulate plasma TC and TG , and could decrease the contents of LDL. Moderate dose of DHA (DHA2) could increase levels of HDL.% 探讨脂肪酸构成比和DHA含量对血脂代谢的影响。Wistar大鼠分为7组：正常对照组（NC）、脂肪酸构成比1（FA1）+低剂量DHA（DHA1）组（F1D1）、FA1+中剂量DHA（DHA2）组（F1D2）、FA1+高剂量DHA（DHA3）组（F1D3）、脂肪酸构成比2（FA2）+DHA1组（F2D1）、FA2+DHA2组（F2D2）、FA2+DHA3组（F2D3）。油脂以灌胃给予，干预5个月。在第1、2、3、4月末，眼眶静脉取血分离血浆，-20℃保存。实验结束时，将动物断头分离血浆，检测总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、高密度脂蛋白（HDL）及低密度脂蛋白（LDL）含量。F2D1、F2D2和F2D3组的血浆TC、TG以及LDL较NC组处于低位水平，其中以F2D2组最为显著。F1D2和F2D2组的HDL水平在第3、4、5月时均较NC组显著增加。不同脂肪酸构成比可对血脂代谢产生影响，FA2可使TC和TG控制在低位水平，并能降低LDL含量。中等剂量DHA对血脂代谢具有良好调节作用，并能增加HDL水平。
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