首页> 中文期刊> 《食品科学》 >蔬菜水果重金属膳食暴露评估中风险权重的确定方法

蔬菜水果重金属膳食暴露评估中风险权重的确定方法

         

摘要

以天津塘沽地区居民日常食用的蔬菜和水果为研究对象,使用微波消解对样品进行消化,用电感耦合等离子体质谱对样品中Cr、As、Cd、Hg、Pb5种重金属含量进行检测,结果表明蔬菜和水果部分样品存在重金属含量超标情况,其中蔬菜Pb和水果Pb超标率均高于10%.为精确评估各种重金属对于膳食风险的贡献率,引入层次分析法确定各元素的风险权重.应用暴露评估法和目标风险系数(target hazard quotient,THQ)将风险量化,结合THQ值和各元素超标情况使用层次分析法计算各重金属元素风险权重.结果表明,平均暴露水平下5种元素的风险权重为Cr 0.141 1、As 0.157 0、Cd 0.341 1、Hg 0.040 4、Pb 0.320 4,风险等级Cd、Pb>As、Cr>Hg,确定了不同重金属基于摄入量和超标情况的膳食风险贡献率,为食品中多元危害物风险评价提供了一种方法.%This paper is focused on assessing the health risk associated with dietary intake of heavy metals from vegetables and fruits in the Tanggu district of Tianjin.A microwave digestion system was used to digest food samples for the determination of the concentrations of Cr,As,Cd,Hg and Pb by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).The results showed that heavy metal contents of some samples exceeded the standard limits.The over-standard rates of Pb in vegetables and fruits were higher than 10%.In order to accurately assess the contribution rates of hazardous heavy metals to health risk,the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was introduced to determine their risk weights.The exposure assessment and the target hazard quotient (THQ) were used to quantify the risk.Based on the THQ value combined with the overstandard rates of heavy metals,the risk weight was calculated.The results showed that the risk weights of Cr,As,Cd,Hg,and Pb were 0.141 1,0.157 0,0.341 1,0.040 4 and 0.320 4,and the risk levels decreased in the order of Cr,Pb > As,Cr > Hg at the average exposure level.The contribution rates of these metals to health risk based on the daily intake and the overstandard rates was determined.This study may provide a new method for evaluating the risk levels of multiple hazardous substances in foods.

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