泥土是犯罪现场常见的物证之一，具有成分多、易转移、地域特征明显等特点，对现场重建、地域推断等具有重要意义。本文结合一例纵火案件，采用扫描电镜-能谱仪、X荧光光谱仪、偏振光显微镜、X射线衍射仪、激光粒度分析仪等多种理化分析方法检验提取自案件现场及犯罪嫌疑人家中汽油瓶上附着的泥土样品。根据泥土中元素种类、元素相对含量、粒度分布特征及泥土中矿物种类、组合特征等信息，确定现场泥土与犯罪嫌疑人住处汽油瓶上附着的泥土可能有相同的来源，从而为案件侦破提供了有力的证据。案件侦破后证明检验结果正确。%ABSTRACT:Soil, one kind of common evidence in crime scenes, shows itself the characteristics of abundant components, strong transferability, signiifcant regional features and the others. Therefore, soil examination can provide useful information to link the suspects with crime scenes. In this paper, an arson case was rendered the important proofs with a variety of physicochemical methods, including the scanning electron microscope/energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry, X ray lfuorescence spectrometry, polarization microscope, X ray diffraction spectrometry and the laser particle size analysis when the soil, collected from the crime scene, was tested to have the likely identical origin with that soil found on a bottle of petrol seized in the suspect’s house. Based on the information about the varieties and relative contents of chemical elements, mineral species and their assemblage features, a conclusion was made that the two soil samples could be out of a same source. Thus, a piece of powerful evidence was provided for the case investigation and testiifed with the fact after the case was solved.
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