Forest Research Institute Sękocin Stary Braci Leśnej 3 05-090 Raszyn Poland;
Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań Umultowska 89 61-614 Poznań Poland;
Forest Research Institute Sękocin Stary Braci Leśnej 3 05-090 Raszyn Poland;
Department of Silviculture Institute of Forest Sciences Life Sciences University in Warsaw Nowoursynowska 159/34 02-776 Warszawa Poland.;
Forest stand conversion; Spontaneous regeneration; Regeneration niche; Dehydrogenase; Phosphatase;