In the year from 1892 to 1904,H.Lorentz explaned the phenomenon of Michelson-Morley experiment,based on the assumptions of length contraction and time dilation in moving body.In the year 1905,A.Einstein gave a derivation of length contraction and in 1952 Einstein provided another derivation of length contraction.These derivations of relavistic length contraction have some logical defects.In Lorentz's theory,the exposition on length contraction was defined the relationship between the length of object at rest in either and its length when it has relative motion to ether.But in the special of relativity(SR) length paradoxes arise due to the reciprocity of physical phenomena.Because the SR is based on the logical foundation of relative motion,it will lead to violate the principles,and existing some paradoxed need considered.In fact,there are no any experimental tests on the length contraction,so the theory are not to be verification.In Lorentz's theory,time dialation caused by the absolute motion of moving body.This is the time dilation in Lorentz ether theory.In Lorentz's opinion,clock moving relate to the ether run at slower rate,clock at rest in the ether run at mormal rate,so it appear relatively faster than clock moving relative to the ether.,But in SR,the absolute velocity of moving body replaced by the relative velocity of moving body,the situation is different.Einstein interpreted length contraction and time dilation based on relative motion between observer's frames,instead of between observer's frame and the ether.Then,various paradoxes have been raised to question the consistency of SR,the most famous one is the twin paradox by P.Langevin in 1911.The principle of relativition,that the law of physics should the same as viewed from any inertial frame,was popularized by H.Poincarè,the Lorentz transformation(LT) embody that principle,when H.Lorentz adopted them for his own theory of relativity,first published in 1904 in an ether existence.In 1905,A.Einstein published his famous paper,that the speed of light will be locally the same for all observers regardless of their own state of motion,this did away with the need of ether,i.e.a preferred frame of reference.The ensuring years saw much discussion of whether nature was more like Einstein's special relativity (SR) or modified-theory of Lorentz (MOL),the principal differences between the two relativity theories stem from the equivalence of all inertial frames in SR,and the existence of a preferred frame in MOL.From the more discussions of view,StR is logically inconsistent,also does not have sure experimental evidence.Therefore.in 1985 the famous scientist of CERN,John Bell said:"[hope return the states before Einstein.i.e.return to Poincarè and Lorentz".The MOL can explain the faster-than-light phenomana,but the SR can't.Now,the theoretical system of Relativity be faced with a serious change;the forces of many scientists push forward this change from all directions.Several new theoreams deserves more investigation,such as modified theory of Newton dynamics(MOND);modified theory of Galilei(i.e.the generalized Galiliean transformation,GGT);modified theory of Lorentz(MOL).If we received the theory of MOL,what is the "new either" in modern viewpoint? It is the physical vaccum medium with quantum characters.In recent years,"light speed c in vaccum" isn't a real idea with constancy in our scientific research.%从1892年到1904年,H.Lorentz假设动体的长度缩短和时间延缓,以便解释Michelson-Morley实验.1905年及1952年A.Einstein各给出了关于长度缩短的推导,但这些相对论性长度缩短存在逻辑矛盾.Lorentz理论是说,静止在以太中的物体的长度和相对以太运动的物体的长度有这种关系.但在狭义相对论(SR)中对物理现象的相互性看法造成长度缩短一事有多个佯谬(悖论).这是因为SR的逻辑基础是相对运动,会造成原理上的悖论.实际上没有任何关于长度缩短理论的实验证明.在Lorentz理论中,时间延缓由动体的绝对运动引起.相对于静止的时钟,绝对速度大的时钟变慢;这是Lorentz以太论中的时间延缓.但在SR中用动体相对速度取代绝对速度,情况完全不同.Einstein是以不同观察者参考系的相对运动取代观察者与以太的关系,来解释长度缩短和时间延缓.因而产生了许多悖论质疑SR的自洽性,最著名的是P.Langevin于1911年提出的双生子佯谬.物理学定律之一的相对性原理从任意惯性系看来的一致性最先由H.Poincar è推介,而Lorentz变换(LT)体现该原理,但H.Lorentz于1904年发表的相对性思想是在以太存在性之下得出的.1905年Einstein发表了著名论文,其中有一个公设——光速不变性原理,由此认为不需要以太,亦即用不着一个优先的参考系.后来的讨论总包含下述问题:Einstein的狭义相对论(SR)和改进的Lorentz理论(MOL),哪个更好地描述自然界？这两者的主要区别在于,SR认为所有惯性系都是平权、等效的,而MOL认为存在优先的参考系.多年来的众多研究讨论显示,SR存在逻辑上的不自洽,亦缺少真正确定的实验证实.由此可以理解欧洲核子研究中心(CERN)的著名科学家John Bell在1985年所说的话:“我想回到Einstein之前,即Poincar è和Lorentz”.值得注意的是,SR无法解释近年来出现的研究成果——引力传播超光速和量子纠缠态传播超光速,而MOL却能解释.现在相对论理论体系面临改革,各方面的力量正推动这一改革.有若干新理论值得研究,例如改进的Newton力学(MOND);改进的Galilei理论(即推广的Galilei变换GGT);改进的Lorentz理论(MOL).如果我们接受MOL,从现代观点看“新以太”是什么？本文认为是有量子特性的物理真空媒质.近年来,在我们的研究工作中已不把“真空中光速c”当作一个恒定不变的概念.
展开▼
