煤、石油、天然气被称为高污染能源。太阳能、水力、风力和地热等被称为清洁能源。由于社会经济的高速发展，能源需求和消耗数量越来越大。人类面临煤、石油和天然气等化石能源资源短缺，以及在不久的将来化石能源资源枯竭的困境。开发利用化石能源的替代能源，迫在眉睫。水力、风力和地热的开发利用，受到地理条件的限制。到达地球表面的太阳能能量密度很低，开发利用的技术成本居高不下。水电项目开发对江河自由通航的不利影响，对于鱼类洄游，以及对人文景观、文物古迹造成的永久性破坏，有目共睹。尽管由于日本福岛核电事故的影响，人们对核能开发利用颇多质疑和诟病，但是与其他许多能源开发利用项目相比，核能开发利用并非是危险性最高的项目。根据开发成本和对于环境的影响的评估，核能依然是最现实、最有可能替代化石能源的能源资源。积极、稳妥、适当地开发利用核能，是人类走出化石能源资源短缺困境，应对即将到来的化石能源资源枯竭，满足社会经济发展对于能源的巨大需求的一条十分重要的出路% Coal, oil and natural gas are called the fossil energy sources and energy sources of high pollution. Solar energy, hydro-energy, wind power and geo-heat are called clean energy sources. Due to high speed development of the society and economy, the amount of requirement and consumption of the energy sources is larger and larger. Humankind would face the difficult position of shortage of the fossil energy sources, and the exhaust of the fossil energy sources in the future. The development and use of nuclear energy are an important way out that humankind would go out of the difficult position of shortage of the fossil energy sources, and the exhaust of the fossil energy sources in the future, and that would meet the requirement of the energy sources of the society and economy development.
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