Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Transportation System School of Intelligent Systems Engineering Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 518107 China;
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Transportation System School of Intelligent Systems Engineering Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 518107 ChinaCollege of Transportation and Civil Engineering Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou 350108 China;
School of Civil and Transportation Engineering Hebei University of Technology Tianjin 300401 China;
road traffic; social cost; externality; gated residential area;