Microbial communities in the soil of the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere of Averrhoa carambola Linn cv . Taiwan soft-branch carambola were compared by microorganism-culturing and the application of the phospholipids fatty acids biomarkers (PLFAs) .Correlation and soil chemistry were also studied . Significantly more cultural fungi and actinomycetes as well as PLFA 10Me17 ∶ 0 related to actinomycetes were found in the rhizospheric than in the non-rhizosphere soil of a same layer . The quantities of PLFAs 16 ∶ 0 related to bacteria ,18 ∶ 1ω9c related to fungi and 10Me17 ∶ 0 related to actinomycetes were significantly higher in the upper- than in deep-layer of the soil . The quantities of organic matters significantly correlated with the 23 PLFAs biomarkers ,including 16 ∶ 0 ,18 ∶ 1ω9c and 10Me17 ∶ 0. Total nitrogen ,potassium and phosphorus significantly correlated with the 18 - 20 PLFAs biomarkers . Only a few PLFAs biomarkers showed significant correlation to the soil pH or water content of the soils .%采用平板培养和磷脂脂肪酸（PLFAs）分析方法，研究20年树龄的台湾软枝杨桃根际与非根际土壤微生物群落差异，及其与土壤理化性质的相关性。结果表明，杨桃根际土壤可培养真菌、放线菌、放线菌特征脂肪酸10Me17∶0含量较同层次的非根际土壤多，土壤上层的可培养微生物及微生物特征脂肪酸16∶0（细菌）、18∶1ω9c （真菌）和10Me17∶0（放线菌）均比下层土壤的含量高。微生物 PLFAs 与土壤有机质含量呈显著或极显著相关的有23种，包括16∶0、18∶1ω9c 和10Me17∶0；与土壤总氮、总磷、总钾相关的有18～20种；与pH 值和含水量相关的 PLFAs 种类较少。
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