沉积岩中自生粘土矿物受成岩过程中物化条件控制,是成岩系统物化条件的指示.近红外反射光谱技术对粘土矿物反应灵敏,在金属矿产勘探中已经得到了日益广泛的应用.首次对油气勘探地质井的试验工作,验证了近红外光谱数据不仅可以第一时间从岩石样品中直接提取微量烃信息,还能解译详细的粘土矿物组合及其变化,从而获取对油气勘探有价值的成岩温度和热成熟度信息.对鄂尔多斯富县地区试验样品的数据分析表明,生油和储油层中的粘土矿物组合(包括铵伊利石、绿泥石、高岭石)变化直接反映了成岩和构造演化物化条件的变化,对于全面理解盆地的环境条件并且判断油气生成的有利区位具有实际应用意义.%Authigenic clay minerals are controlled by, and therefore indicative of, physiochemical conditions of the diagenetic process. In oil and gas exploration, timely acquisition of the information on clay minerals and hydrocarbon is of direct application value in terms of understanding the evolution process and diagnosing the existence of hydrocarbon. The experimental work reported in this paper has shown that near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy is useful for extracting the information on hydrocarbon present in a mi-nor to trace amount in sedimentary rocks and detecting the fact that the spatial variations of a series of clay minerals such as (ammoni-um-bearing) illite, chlorite and kaolinite can directly reflect the changes in temperature and pore fluid composition during the diage-netic process. The results obtained by the authors, therefore, will contribute to improving the understanding of environmental condi-tions and thermal maturity of organic matter in diagenesis.
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