The accurate determination of trace element in environmental samples is very important in environmental monitoring area. Although many instrument analysis methods have been developed recently and reached trace level or super trace level sensitivity, the direct analysis for environmental samples is still difficult because of the high complexity of samples and severe interference caused by matrix effects. So, various pre-treatment procedures are necessary before the more accurate measurement by analytical instruments in environmental monitoring area. It is obvious that the pre-treatment procedures of trace elements depend on appropriate separation and pre-concentration methods. The separation and pre-concentration methods were introduced. The application of separation and pre-concentration methods in environmental monitoring area and environmental protection area was introduced in detail.% 准确测定环境样品中的痕量元素是环境监测领域的一项十分重要的研究内容。虽然现代分析仪器有了很大的发展，但在进行环境样品中的痕量组分分析时，由于方法的灵敏度不够及大量共存元素的干扰，直接测定很困难。所以在环境监测中，复杂样品需要经过一定的预处理——分离富集以后才能进入分析仪器进行准确的测定。而样品的富集分离通常需要借助合适的分离方法。介绍了各种分离富集方法，并着重介绍了各种分离富集方法在环境监测和环境保护中的应用。
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