The aerobic actinomycetes of soil samples from farmland,wet land and forest of Guiyang, Zunyi,Anshun,Tongren,Bijie,South Guizhou,Liupanshui,Southeast Guizhou and Southwest Guizhou were isolated and purified,then their amplified 16S rDNA gene sequences were compared with GenBank and finally the phylogenetic tree was established by the neighbor-joining method to know distribution feature,phylogeny and species diversity of soil aerobic actinomycetes in Guizhou.The results showed that 173 aerobic actinomycete strains including 165 Streptomyces strains,five Kitasatospora strains,two Nocardioides strains and 1 new potential Streptomyces strain are isolated from 108 soil samples.Soil aerobic actinomycetes belong to Streptomyces and there are classification diversity and regional difference at the species level.%为了解贵州土壤需氧放线菌的分布特点、系统发育和物种多样性，采集贵州贵阳、遵义、安顺、铜仁、毕节、黔南、六盘水、黔东南、黔西南9个区域的农耕地、湿地、森林3个类型土壤标本进行需氧放线菌的分离纯化，扩增其16S rDNA 基因序列后在 GenBank 中进行 Blast 比对分析，并以邻接法构建系统发育树。结果表明：在贵州9个区域108份土壤中分离出173株需氧放线菌，其中链霉菌属（Streptomyces）165株、北里孢菌属（Kitasatospora．）5株、诺卡氏菌属（Nocardioides）2株，在遵义农耕地土壤中分离出链霉菌属潜在新种1株（GYM8-3）。贵州土壤需氧放线菌主要为链霉菌属，在种间水平上存在分类多样性和地域差异性。
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