The living organisms have a variety of ways to slow down or even stop the virus replication. These mechanisms are mainly through mediating antiviral protein, and expanded by interferon inducement. Among these interferon-stimulated proteins, interferon-induced transmembrane (IFITM) family is unique, which prevents virus infection by blocking the virus permeating cell lipid bilayer. Now it is known that, at least 3 IFITMs have antiviral activities: IFITM1, IFITM2, and IFITM3. These transmembrane proteins in vitro cell culture can prevent many RNA virus infections, including dengue virus, Ebola virus, influenza virus, SARS coronavirus, West Nile virus and so on. IFITM3 gene polymorphism is associated with human seasonal influenza / HPAI disease, but the mechanism is still not fully understood. Here we discuss the antiviral functions of ifitm gene, IFITM proteins and the possible mechanisms, then the best regime may be found in the treatment of virus infection and tumor.%生物机体存在多种方式减缓甚至阻止病毒复制.其机制主要通过抗病毒蛋白来介导,可因干扰素诱导而扩大.在这些干扰素刺激蛋白中,干扰素诱导的跨膜(interferon-induced transmembrane,IFITM)蛋白家族独树一帜,其通过阻止病毒透过细胞脂质双分子层而防止病毒感染.目前已知,至少有3种IFITM具有抗病毒活性:IFITM1、IFITM2以及IFITM3.这些跨膜蛋白已被证实在体外细胞培养中能阻止多种RNA病毒感染,包括登革热病毒、埃博拉病毒、甲型流感病毒、SARS冠状病毒和西尼罗病毒等.人ifitm3基因多态性与季节性流感/高致病性禽流感病情严重程度相关,但介导其抗病毒作用的具体分子机制仍不完全清楚.本文主要讨论ifitm基因、IFITM蛋白及其抗病毒作用和可能的作用机制,从而在研究病毒感染和肿瘤治疗中另辟蹊径,寻找最佳治疗方案.
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