Specialized or opportunistic—how does the high mountain endemic butterfly Erebia nivalis survive in its extreme habitats?

Stefan Ehl; Vivian Dalstein; Fabienne Tull; Patrick Gros; Thomas Schmitt

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Specialized or opportunistic—how does the high mountain endemic butterfly Erebia nivalis survive in its extreme habitats?

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High mountain ecosystems are a challenge for the survival of animal and plant species,which have to evolve specific adaptations to cope with the prevailing extreme conditions.The strategies to survive may reach from opportunistic to highly adapted traits.One species successfully surviving under these conditions is the here studied butterfly Erebia nivalis.In a mark-release-recapture study performed in the Hohe Tauern National Park (Austria) from 22 July to 26 August 2013,we marked 1386 individuals and recaptured 342 of these.For each capture event,we recorded the exact point of capture and various other traits (wing conditions,behavior,nectar sources).The population showed a partial protandrous demography with the minority of males emerging prior to the females,but the majority being synchronized with them.Males and females differed significantly in their behavior with males being more flight active and females nectaring and resting more.Both sexes showed prefercnces for the same plant species as nectar sources,but this specialization apparently is the result of a rapid individual adaptation to the locally available flowers.Estimates of the realized dispersal distances predicted a comparatively high amount of long-distance flights,especially for females.Therefore,the adaptation of Erebia nivalis to the unpredictable high mountain conditions might be a mixture of opportunism and specialized traits.

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《中国昆虫科学：英文版》 |2018年第1期|161-171|共11页
作者
Stefan Ehl; Vivian Dalstein; Fabienne Tull; Patrick Gros; Thomas Schmitt;
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作者单位

Biogeography, Trier University, Trier, Germany;

Biogeography, Trier University, Trier, Germany;

Biogeography, Trier University, Trier, Germany;

Haus der Natur Salzburg, Department Entomology, Salzburg, Austria;

Senckenberg German Entomological Institute, Department Taxonomy and Biogeography, Müncheberg, Germany;

Entomology, Department of Zoology, Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle(Saale), Germany;

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Specialized or opportunistic—how does the high mountain endemic butterfly Erebia nivalis survive in its extreme habitats?

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