[1]United Nations Population Division 2 UN Plaza DC2-1910 New York NY 10017 USA;
[2]School of Social Development Nanjing Normal University 122 Ninghai Road Gulou District Nanjing Jiangsu Province China;
[3]Duke Clinical Research Institute&Department of Sociology Duke University Durham NC 27708 USA;
[4]China Population and Development Research Center 12 Dahuisi Road Haidian Beijing China;
China; oldest-old; Kannisto model; logit; underestimation; death underreports; death rate; provincial variation; census; age exaggeration; age misreporting;