Contemporary orthodontic techniques are used to prevent and intercept malocclusions before they start. “Management of occlusal guidance” means to control, guide, and treat the occlusion throughout the occlusal development process from deciduous dentition to mixed dentition, and finally, to permanent dentition. Applying the theory of “muscle win”, early functional training techniques are used to reduce the occurrence and severity of malocclusions by correcting mal-oral functions. The early training appliance is designed as a functional one, which is used to perform the following activities: 1)reconstructing the occlusion to control the position and growth of the upper and lower jaws; 2)training the functions of the para-oral muscles and establishing normal nose breathing; 3)guiding the permanent eruption by the tooth slot; 4)re-establishing the normal arch forms. Using the early functional training appliances can train the oral functions, correct bad oral habits, guide the permanent tooth eruption, and intercept the Angle Class Ⅱ/Ⅲ malocclusions. The early functional training appliance has limitations, and proper timing and case selection are the keys to a successful treatment. As a very helpful clinical device, the early functional training appliance has become a part of the techniques in the occlusal guidance management system used by pediatric dentists and orthodontists.%现代儿童错(牙合)畸形的矫治更强调早期预防与阻断，矫正理念是“咬合发育管理”，治疗儿童从出生后到恒牙替换萌出结束整个过程的咬合发育不良。儿童早期肌功能训练及错(牙合)畸形预防矫治应用“Muscle Win”理论，早期预防与阻断错(牙合)畸形的发生，以期最终降低儿童错(牙合)畸形的发生率与严重程度。早期肌功能训练及错(牙合)畸形预防矫治器是一种功能矫治器，其特点是：1）其重建了上下咬合关系，控制上下颌骨的位置及生长；2）矫治器功能结构能训练舌肌、唇颊肌及颏肌的功能和矫正口呼吸习惯；3）恒牙萌出诱导槽能引导排列新萌出的恒牙；4）矫治器能恢复上下牙弓的形态与宽度。临床佩戴矫治器，能训练儿童口腔功能，去除口腔不良习惯，引导恒牙萌出，并对Ⅱ/Ⅲ类错(牙合)畸形和轻中度牙弓发育不良有矫治效果。儿童早期肌功能训练及错(牙合)畸形预防矫治有局限性，正确选择临床适应证及使用时机是保证疗效、防止临床过度治疗的关键。作为儿童错(牙合)畸形早期功能矫治的有益探索，早期肌功能训练及错(牙合)畸形预防矫治器正成为“咬合发育管理”临床技术体系的有机组成，并得到儿童口腔医学及口腔正畸学医生越来越多的重视。
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