Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), a common disease in neonatal period with complex pathogenesis, often leads to neonatal death, or different degree of brain damage in survivors. Therapeutic hypothermia is one of the most promising methods for the treatment of HIE in recent years, with multi-path, multi-target in neuroprotective mechanism. Although therapeutic hypothermia has been regarded as routine management method for resuscitation of neonatal HIE in many developed countries, there still remains many problems to be resolved, such as patients'' selection, optimal time window, cooling methods, duration and rewarming for therapeutic hypothermia, and adverse reactions caused by therapeutic hypothermia as well as safety and effectiveness of therapeutic hypothermia. This article mainly made a review on action mechanisms of therapeutic hypothermia for HIE, controversy of therapeutic hypothermia in the treatment of HIE, as well as key problems of therapeutic hypothermia in clinical application.
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