人体皮肤表面有多种常驻菌及条件致病菌,马拉色菌(Malassezia pachydermatis)是其中最常见的一种,花斑癣、马拉色菌毛囊炎、脂溢性皮炎、特应性皮炎、银屑病等多种皮肤病均与马拉色菌的定植密切相关.这些常见皮肤病发病率极高,高发区多分布在热带、亚热带.而且许多疾病常常反复发作,伴随明显瘙痒症状,难以忍受,严重影响了患者的心理和生理健康,因此明确马拉色菌在这些疾病中所起的作用显得尤为重要.研究表明,马拉色菌属于正常皮肤菌群的一部分,它与皮肤免疫细胞如树突状细胞或淋巴细胞的相互作用具有规律性.我们可以在健康人体中检测到马拉色菌特异性免疫球蛋白G(IgG)和IgM抗体.与此相反,马拉色菌特异性抗体IgE在健康人体中检出率却非常低甚至检查测不到,而特应性皮炎(Atopic dermatitis,AD)患者中大部分人对这种酵母菌较敏感,可以看得出马拉色菌可能与AD的发病相关,但具体关系并不明确.本综述结合相关文献报道,对马拉色菌属某些常见相关皮肤疾病的发病机制作一总结,并重点概述马拉色菌在AD发病中所起的作用的研究进展.%There are many resident bacteria and conditioned pathogens on the skin surface of human body.Malassezia pachydermatis is one of the most common bacteria.Many skin diseases,such as tinea versicolor,Malassezia folliculitis,seborrheic dermatitis,atopic dermatitis,psoriasis and so on,are closely related to the colonization of Malassezia pachydermatis.The incidence of these common skin diseases is very high and the high incidence areas are mostly distributed in the tropics and subtropics.And many diseases are often recurrent,accompanied by obvious itching symptoms,unbearable,seriously affect the psychological and physical health of patients,so it is particularly important to understand the role of Malassezia pachydermatis in these diseases.Studies have shown that Malassezia pachydermatis is a part of the normal skin flora,it has a regular interaction with skin immune cells such as dendritic cells or lymphocytes.We can detect Malassezia pachydermatis specific immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M in healthy people.In contrast,the detection rate of Malassezia pachydermatis specific immunoglobulin E in healthy people is very low or even undetectable,and most of the atopic dermatitis patients are more sensitive to this yeast.It can be draw a conclusion that Malassezia pachydermatis may be associated with the development of atopic dermatitis,but the specific relationship is not clear.This review summarizes the pathogenesis of Malassezia pachydermatis in common related skin diseases,which focuses on the research progress of Malassezia pachydermatis in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis.
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