白癜风是皮肤科常见的一种获得性色素脱失性疾病,世界范围内患病率为0.5％ ～ 2.0％,临床表现为局限性或泛发性的皮肤色素脱失斑.导致黑素细胞破坏的机制尚未完全阐明,学界主要的假说有自身免疫学说、遗传学说、黑素细胞自毁学说及神经化学因子学说等,其中越来越多的研究倾向于认为白癜风是一种自身免疫性疾病,此外,氧化应激在白癜风发病中的作用及机制也是皮肤科的研究热点.白癜风的治疗是皮肤科医师面临的一大难题,临床主要以控制皮损发展、促进白斑复色为治疗目的,但起效较慢,整体疗效不甚满意.选择治疗方案时需综合考虑患者的白斑面积、型别、病期等因素.白癜风的主要治疗方法有外用及系统应用药物、光疗及光化学疗法、外科手术疗法等,新型生物制剂在白癜风的治疗中亦初显成效.随着白癜风研究的不断深入和现代医疗技术的快速发展,新的治疗方法和治疗思路层出不穷.%Vitiligo is a common acquired depigmentation disease in the department of dermatology.Its prevalence rate is 0.5％ to 2.0％ in the world.The clinical manifestation is localized or generalized depigmentation of the skin.The mechanism resulting in the destruction of melanocytes has not been fully elucidated with some academic hypotheses including autoimmune theory,genetic theory,melanocyte self-destruction doctrine and neurochemical factor doctrine,etc.Among them,more and more researches are inclined to that vitiligo is an autoimmune disease.In addition,the role and mechanism of oxidative stress are focused on a hot-spot in the pathogenesis of vitiligo in the department of dermatology.The treatment of vitiligo is a big problem for clinical dermatologists,relating to control the development of leukoderma and promote color recovery of leukoderma.But the effect is relatively slow,the overall curative effect is not satisfied.The treatment options should take into account the area of patient's leukoderma,type,stage,and other factors.The main methods of treatment for vitiligo contain topical drug application and systemic drug administration,phototherapy and photochemotherapy,surgical therapy,etc.New biological agents exhibit good effects in the treatment of vitiligo.With the deepening of vitiligo research and the rapid development of modern medical technology,new treatment methods and ideas emerge in an endless stream.
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