PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis ( DGGE) was emloyed to analyze the V3 regions of bacterial 16S ribosomal DNA collected from the compost for Agaricus bisporus cultivation in spring and winter. The dominant DNA were cloned, sequenced and analyzed. Bacillus sp, Flavobacterium sp. , Lysinibacillus sp. , Thermus thermophilus,Pseudomonas fragi, Solibacillus silvestris,Thermobifida fusca, and two kinds of uncultured bacteria were identified in the compost. The bac-teria in spring and winter showed similar changing trend during phase I composting and similar community at the end of com-posting. The bacterial community structure differed at initial composting, phase I composting and phase II composting. The community diversity was environmental temperature-dependant. The bacteria existing in the compost all through the process of composting shared high sequence similarity with that of the bacteria degrading lignocellulose, which was favorable for the com-post to be applied as culture matrix.%为探明双孢蘑菇培养料发酵过程中细菌群落多样性和组成的演变,获得相关优势菌落的信息,本研究利用变性梯度凝胶电泳( Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis,DGGE)对不同季节不同发酵阶段样品的的细菌进行特异性扩增,并选取主要DNA条带进行克隆、测序和生物信息学分析。结果显示,不同发酵时期带谱差异明显。发酵过程中,培养料中主要有芽孢杆菌属、黄杆菌属、杆菌属、假单胞菌属、Solibacillus、嗜热裂孢菌属、高温双歧菌属和未知分类地位的不可培养细菌。不同季节(春季、冬季)的培养料一次发酵过程中细菌多样性变化趋势相似,且发酵结束时细菌菌落结构相似。双孢蘑菇培养料在发酵过程中细菌群落结构至少经历了3个阶段的演替,即建堆初期、一次发酵阶段和二次发酵阶段。双孢蘑菇培养料发酵过程中细菌种群丰富,并随着发酵的不同阶段发生演替,种群多样性受环境温度的影响。双孢蘑菇培养料发酵过程中一直存在的细菌群落与具有木质纤维素降解特性细菌的序列相似度较高,有利于培养料转化为双孢蘑菇栽培基质。
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