长期施用化肥和畜禽粪可导致土壤中磷的积累，从而影响土壤中磷的生物有效性和可移动性，后者与土壤中磷存在的化学形态有关。为了解蔬菜地土壤磷积累过程中其化学形态的演变与土壤性状的关系，选择了红粘泥、黄筋泥、泥质田、淡涂泥和油黄泥等5种不同性状的土壤，通过添加化肥和猪粪模拟构建了不同磷积累的系列土壤，采用Hedley磷形态分析方法鉴定了土壤磷的化学形态及释放法潜力。结果表明：与未加磷处理土壤相比，所有蔬菜地土壤中磷的积累对H2O-P和NaHCO3-IP增幅影响最大；在中性和石灰性土壤中，磷积累可明显促进HCl-P的形成，但对NaOH-IP的影响较小；在富铝化土壤中，磷的积累有利于NaOH-IP的形成，但对HCl-P形成的影响较小。无论是施化肥还是有机肥，土壤中积累的磷主要为无机态，对有机态磷的贡献较小；随着土壤磷的不断积累，磷积累对H2O-P和NaHCO3-IP的影响更为明显。%Long-term application of chemical fertilizer and livestock and poultry manure could lead to the accumulation of phosphorus in soil, and influence soil phosphorus bioavailability and mobility, which is related to the chemical forms of phosphorus in the soil. In order to study the relationship between phosphorus chemical forms in accumulation and soil properties, the author made different phosphorus accumulated soil by adding chemical fertilizer and pig manure to five soil types including red slime, quaternary red earth, muddy field, pale fluviogenic slime and oil yellow mud, phosphorus chemical form and release potential were analyzed by Hedley phosphorus form analysis method. The results showed that compared with CK, the accumulation of phosphorus had significant effect on the increasing range of H2O-P and NaHCO3-IP in all vegetable soil, the accumulation of phosphorus could improve the formation of HCl-P in neutral and limy soil, and it had little effect on the formation of NaOH-IP; in the allite soil, the accumulation of phosphorus was beneficial to the formation of NaOH-IP, but it had little effect on the formation of HCl-P. No matter it was chemical fertilizer or organic manure, the accumulation of phosphorus in soil was mainly inorganic, which had little effect on organic phosphorus. With the continuous accumulation of soil phosphorus, the effect on H2O-P and NaHCO3-IP was more obvious.
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