[目的]了解宁波市地产蔬菜重金属残留的风险水平.[方法]对宁波市2014-2015年地产蔬菜的843批次样品中铅、镉、铬、汞、砷5种重金属的残留量进行检测,并根据国家标准《GB 2762-2012食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量》最大残留限量(MRL)和(FAO)/(WHO)食品添加剂联合专家委员会(JECFA)推荐的健康风险评价模型进行风险评价.[结果]膳食暴露评估表明,单一重金属风险从小到大依次为砷、汞、镉、铅和铬,其中铅、镉、汞、砷风险商≤100％,表示风险可以接受;铬的风险商为139％,表明有一定的风险,但考虑到铬的价态以及摄入量的规定,风险程度不高.[结论]比较MRL与膳食暴露评估方式,MRL直接快速,适合日常快捷使用,膳食暴露评估计算相对比较复杂,需要辅助其他参数,参数越精准,评价越可靠.%[Objective] The aim was to understand the risk level of heavy metal residues in vegetables planted in Ningbo City.[Method] A total of 843 vegetable samples were collected from 2014 to 2015,in which five kinds of heavy metals (lead,cadmium,chromium,mercury,arsenic) residues were detected by standard methods.The maximum residue limit (MRL) from the national standard "GB 2762-2012 food safety national standard food pollutant limit" and the health risk assessment model recommended by the Joint FAO/WHO expert committee on food additives (JECFA) were used for the risk assessment.[Result] The dietary exposure assessment indicated that the risk of single heavy metal was:arsenic ＜ mercury ＜ cadmium ＜ lead ＜ chromium.Among them,The risk quotient of cadmium,mercury and arsenic was less than 100％,which indicated that the risk was acceptable.The risk quotient of chromium was 139％,which indicated that it had a certain risk,but if we considered the price of chromium and the regulation of intake,the risk level of chromium was not high.[Conclusion] Compared of MRL and dietary exposure assessment methods,MRL is a fast,and suitable method for daily use.While the calculation of dietary exposure assessment is relatively complicated,and other parameters need to be assisted,the more accurate parameters are,the more reliable evaluation is.
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