Ecological water requirement (EWR)was proposed for ecological protection and construction, rational development and utilization of water resources research, etc. , which has been one of the global research.focuses in recent years. On the basis of reviewing the advances in EWR research in domestic and overseas, we introduced the concept, characteristics and classification of EWR, and summarized the main calculating methods of EWR. At the same time, two calculating methods (Tennant method and Manning formula estimating method)and its practical application in environmental impact assessment of hydropower project were analyzed, finally, the development and application of EWR were prospected.%生态需水量是针对生态环境保护与建设、水资源合理开发利用等而提出的,是近年国内外广泛关注的研究热点.在系统回顾国内外生态需水量研究进展基础上,介绍了生态需水量的概念、特征与分类,并总结了生态需水量的主要计算方法,同时就常用2种计算方法(Tennant法和曼宁公式估算法)及其在水电项目环境影响评价中的实际应用进行了探讨.最后,对生态需水量的发展和应用进行了展望.
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