雁山园是广西现存3座古典园林中最具岭南特色的古典名园,对其进行研究可充分了解岭南园林的特征.笔者从选址和园林布局的角度深刻剖析了风水环境意识对造园的影响.风水理论是我国传统园林建筑选址的主要依据,古代风水学源于《周易》的八卦学说,其根本思想是“藏风聚气”.雁山园的规划布局运用了五行学说的观点,符合风水理论中负阴抱阳、背山面水、坐北朝南的格局要求.雁山园在规划时充分利用真山真水的自然条件,呈前庭后院式布局.宅居和庭园相对独立,各自成区,用洞门花墙、廊亭小院、花木池水相隔.全园共分为五大景区,即入口区、稻香村区、涵通楼—碧云湖区、方竹山区、乳钟山区,各区既相互连通,又各自独立,园景富于变化,充分体现出造园者的风水环境意识.%Yanshan Garden is a famous classical garden with the specialist south feature among the three classical gardens existing in Guangxi, and the features of gardens in the south of Five Ridges can be fully understood through the research on it. The paper has deeply studied the influence of geomantic environment consciousness on landscaping from the perspective of site selection and landscaping layout. Geomantic theory is a major basis for site selection of Chinese traditional garden architecture. Ancient geomancy originates from the theory of the Eight Diagrams in The Book of Change, the fundamental thought of which is "avoiding wind and gathering Qi". The planning and layout of Yanshan Garden is based on views of Five Element Theory, and corresponds with the requirements in geomantic theory. It has made a full use of natural conditions of real mountains and rivers in the planning of Yanshan Garden which presents in the layout of the front and back yards. Houses and courtyards are isolated with each other, separated by doors and decorated walls, corridors and pavilions, courtyards, flowers and woods, and pools. The whole garden can be divided into five scenic areas, which are entrance area, paddy sweet cottage area, Hantong Tower-Biyun Lake area, Fangzhu Hill area, and Ruzhong Hill area, all of which are connected and separated with each other. Landscape in the garden is changeable, fully manifesting geomantic environmental consciousness of gardeners.
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