[目的]从提高肥料利用率出发,研究不同施氮量与不同配施方式下冬小麦田土壤氨挥发特征.[方法]采用田间通气法,于2006～2007年进行大田试验.设置4个施氮水平,每个施氮水平下再设4个有机无机肥料组合,研究不同施氮量与不同配施方式下基肥、追肥施用对华北地区冬小麦田土壤氨挥发的影响.[结果]土壤氨挥发速率、氨挥发累积量随施氮量的增大而增大；在施氮量相同的情况下,与单施有机肥或单施无机肥相比,有机无机肥料配施能够降低土壤的氨挥发损失量.基肥、追肥施肥后土壤的累计氨挥发量在5.354 ～8.916 kg/hm2,氨挥发损失率在1.824％～6.119％,追肥土壤的氨挥发损失量占累计氨挥发损失总量的97％以上.[结论]麦田土壤的氨挥发损失主要来自于追肥.%Abstract During the oil .shale production in Maoming, Guangdong Province, there are2.4 × 10 t waste residue in two waste dumps that cover an area of 8. 1 km2 located in the north and south of the mine pit. The physicochemical properties, microbe quantity and biochemical activity of soil on different test plots of bare land and 5-year plantation in the north oil shale dump and 16-year plantation and grassland for 20-year natural remediation in the soulh oil shale dump were compared and analyzed. The results demonstrated that soil at the oil shale dump in the north was desiccated, impoverished of nutrient, and strongly acidified, and,that after 16 years of plantation, the amount of microbe in the soil of oil shale dump in the south turned to be more than that in the bare land, enzyme activity and soil respiration rate increased significantly and' soil physicochemical properties were also improved, whereas after 5 years of plantation, these test indexes remained almost unchanged in oil shale dump in the north. Studies also indicated that plantation of Acacia auricalaformis is better than that of Eucalyptus for soil improvement of oil shale. The results showed that the process of bioremediation for waste dump of oil shale is very slow, so it is imperative that we take measures, such as making plantations, to accelerate bioremediation for oil shale dump.
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