[目的]研究水飞蓟种子的生物学特性.[方法]以来自3个栽培地点的水飞蓟种子为试验材料,分别进行种子大小和干粒重的测定,并制作种子半薄切片,研究不同温度下种子的萌发情况.[结果]种子(实际为瘦果)由外皮(果皮和种皮)和胚2部分组成.外皮分5层,外侧4层为果皮,内侧1层为种皮.种胚发育完善,没有胚乳,子叶主要储藏物质为脂肪25℃为种子萌发的适宜温度,少部分种子具有体眠现象.[结论]该研究积累了水飞蓟种子(果实)的基础生物学资料,为水飞蓟的栽培生产、分类、生药鉴定提供了理论依据.%[Objective]To research on the biological characteristics of Silybum mananum (L. ) Caertn. Seeds. [ Methods] With the 5. man-anum seeds in three cultivation sites as the test materials, seed size and 1 000 — grain weight were measured; semi - thin section was made; and the germination situation of seeds under different temperatures were measured. [ Result ] Seed was composed of embryo and scarfskin. Scariskin consists of five layers; the outwards four layers are peel, and the inwards is testa. Seed embryo develops well without endosperm, fat is the main storage material of cotyledon. The suitable temperature for seed germination was 25 ℃ and few seeds have dormancy phenomenon. [ Conclusion ] The basic biology data of 5. marianun seeds were accumulated , which provided theoretical basis for the cultivation, classification and Pharmacognostic identification of S. marianum seeds.
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