[目的]研究水飞蓟的个体发育形态学特征.[方法]在实验室内培育幼苗发育研究材料,成株形态发育及解剖材料以露地栽培获得,采用观察记录法研究水飞蓟的外部形态和生长发育节律,然后采用徒手切片法和临时装片法观察叶和根新鲜状态下的结构,采用常规石蜡切片技术研究幼苗、根、茎和叶的形态学特征.[结果]种子的萌发方法为子叶出土萌发,适宜浅播;幼苗及成株营养器官结构为典型的草本双子叶植物结构;聚药雄蕊稍短于花冠裂片;雌雄蕊异熟明显,生育期为125 ～ 140 d.[结论]该方法对水飞蓟的个体发育形态学特征进行了研究,为水飞蓟规范栽培提供了依据.%[ Objective] To study the morphology characteristics of the individual growth of Silybum marianum ( L. ) Gaertn. [ Method] Seedling materials were cultivated in laboratory; young plants were planted in open filed. The external morphology and growth rhythm of S. marianum were observed and recorded. Then, hand - held slicing method and temporary slice method were used to observe the structures of fresh leaves and roots. Morphological characteristics of seedling, roots, stems and leaves were researched by conventional paraffin section technique. [ Result] As for the seed germination method, cotyledon was epigeal and shallow sowing should be adopted. Structure of nutritive organs of seedlings and plants was characterized by typical herbaceous dicotyledon structure. Synantherous stamen was a little shorter than the corolla lobe. And the growth period was 125 - 140 d. [ Conclusion ] The morphology characteristics of the individual growth of S. marianum were researched, which provided references for the standard cultivation of S. marianum.
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