With the case study of two rural communities of Hetian County and Shawan County in Xinjiang, the foundation, operation and development of the water management organizations in the two communities and their reform achievements were studied and compared. It was concluded that the reform of water resources management should be in accordance with the pratical conditions of rural community. Only with the same objectives of community people and by benefiting the farmers could the reform of water resources management be effectively implemented and achieve good results.%以新疆和田县和沙湾县的两个农村社区为研究案例,通过对两个社区水管理组织的成立、运行和发展动因,以及改革所取得的成效的深入调查和对比分析,认为新疆农村社区水资源管理改革必须结合农村社区实际,在目标上与社区村民的目标相一致,并在改革过程中使村民切实受益,农村社区水资源管理改革工作才可能落实,并取得成效.
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