On the basis of empirical data concerning "four agricultural subsidies" in Chongqing City, we establish panel data model to analyze the general effect of "four agricultural subsidies" on grain yield, and the structural effect of "four agricultural subsidies" on grain yield. Based on the F — test and Hauaman test, we estimate the model using CLS or FGLS method. Hie results show that "four agricultural subsidies'* have significant positive effect on grain yield; the structural effect of " four agricultural subsidies" on grain yield is different (comprehensive subsidies for means of agricultural production has the strongest effect on grain yield, followed by subsidies for promotion of improved variety of seed; the effect of subsidies for purchase of agricultural machinery on grain yield is not significant). Therefore, governments at all levels should continue to strengthen the support efforts in " four agricultural subsidies" , and continually optimize the structure to increase grain yield.%基于重庆市农业“四项补贴”的经验数据,构建panel data模型分析农业“四项补贴”对粮食产量的总体效应及“四项补贴”各分项对粮食产量的结构效应,基于F检验和Hausman检验识别模型具体形式,运用GLS或FGLS方法对模型进行估计.结果表明:农业“四项补贴”对粮食产量具有显著正向效应；农业“四项补贴”对粮食产量的结构效应存在差异,农资综合补贴对粮食产量的效应最强,良种推广补贴次之,农机购置补贴对粮食产量的影响不显著.因此,各级政府应继续强化农业“四项补贴”支持力度,并不断优化其结构,促进粮食增产.
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